Programming languages are artificial language designed to be read and used by the people for writing precise instructions for a computer.
Computer language can be classified into three categories:
(i) Machine language (ii) Symbolic language (iii) High level language
(i) Machine language: It is a fundamental language of a computer is also known as 'machine code'. This can be Written in the binary (1,0). The circuit of computer is arranged in such a way that it recognises the language and converts it into electrical pulses.
(ii) Symbolic language: It is the combination of numeric and alphabets symbols in machine language program. The operating system of a computer automatically translates these symbols with the help of symbol equivalence table to obtain the numeric codes and makes it eady for execution.
(iii) High level languages: When symbolic languages are used programming is slow and time consuming, hence high level languages were developed to utilize the hardware of the computer. There are many advantages of high level languages which are as follows:
- Easy to learn.
- Requires less time to write.
- Easy to maintain.
- Provide better documentation.
Programming languages FORTRAN and BASIC. Languages that have world-wide popularity and have various applications.
(1) BASIC (2) FORTRAN (3) PASCAL (4) COBOL. Programming Languages FORTRAN and BASIC are very popular.
1. BASIC language: The term 'BASIC' is the abbreviation for "Beginner's All purpose Symbolic Instruction Code". It is an easy language for The beginners in computer programming. This language is useful for scientific or mathematical operations. A beginner can develop a BASIC program while sitting at a computer terminal.
2. FORTRAN language: FORTRAN stands for Formula Translation. It is the oldest high level language. It was developed by IBM in 1957. This language has been modified since then many times and versions were given the name FORTRAN II, FORTRAN IV. The FORTRAN-IV is the most popular version which was developed in 1966.
3. PASCAL language: It is a programming language named after Blaise Pascal, a great French mathematician who constructed a calculating device in 1942. It was further developed by Niklaus Wirth in 1971 for teaching computer science.
4. COBOL language: It stands for Common Business Oriented Language. This language is most popular business language used for data processing.
2. FORTRAN language: FORTRAN stands for Formula Translation. It is the oldest high level language. It was developed by IBM in 1957. This language has been modified since then many times and versions were given the name FORTRAN II, FORTRAN IV. The FORTRAN-IV is the most popular version which was developed in 1966.
3. PASCAL language: It is a programming language named after Blaise Pascal, a great French mathematician who constructed a calculating device in 1942. It was further developed by Niklaus Wirth in 1971 for teaching computer science.
4. COBOL language: It stands for Common Business Oriented Language. This language is most popular business language used for data processing.
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